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What makes things similar?
Published on Oct 17, 20114546 Views
The talk will provide an overview of psychological theories of similarity and key behavioural data. It will introduce spatial models (e.g., Shepard, 19887), featural models, in particular Tversky's (1
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Chapter list
What makes things similar?00:00
What makes things similar? cont´d00:25
Shepard‟s spatial model02:44
Shepard‟s (1987) Universal Law of Generalization03:31
Nosofsky‟s (1986) Generalized Context Model04:26
An Example: Effects of Category Diversity (Hahn et al., 2005) - 106:09
An Example: Effects of Category Diversity (Hahn et al., 2005) - 206:52
An Example: Effects of Category Diversity (Hahn et al., 2005) - 307:18
Predicted Probabilities: Clustered09:08
Predicted Probabilities: Diverse09:34
An Alternative View of Similarity: Tversky‟s (1977) Contrast Model10:39
Tversky‟s Critique of Spatial Models11:24
Assumptions Spatial Models I: Minimality12:02
Spatial Assumptions II: Symmetry12:18
Violations of Symmetry?12:56
Examples14:15
Asymmetries Tversky (1977)15:03
Limitations of Spatial and Contrast Models16:08
Structural Alignment17:43
Water flow is like heat flow ...18:20
Mapping between descriptions18:50
Experimental evidence for structural alignment19:15
Transformational Approach to Similarity20:54
Similarity as Transformations - 121:40
Similarity as Transformations - 222:37
Hahn, Chater & Richardson (2003)23:09
Exp. 124:05
Exp. 225:42
Exp. 326:09
Larkey & Markman (2005): A Test of Structural Models of Similarity - 126:28
Larkey & Markman (2005): A Test of Structural Models of Similarity - 228:01
A psychologically plausible set of transformations for this domain29:26
An example30:09
Hodgetts, Hahn & Chater, 200931:08
Results31:38
Structural Alignment Models: Exp.1 - 132:15
Structural Alignment Models: Exp.1 - 232:22
Structural Alignment Exp. 2 - 132:36
Structural Alignment Exp. 2 - 232:38
Summary: Hodgetts, Hahn & Chater (2009)32:38
What about (more) real world categories?33:14
Transformations in object recognition and categorization33:28
Influence of transformation direction? - 135:44
Influence of transformation direction? - 237:00
Biological categories37:34
Man-made categories37:57
Materials - 137:58
Materials - 238:38
Materials - 338:46
Materials - 438:47
Materials - 538:59
Materials - 639:05
Materials - 739:06
Hahn, Close & Graf, 200939:23
Result cannot be explained by any other model of similarity40:09
Back to the beginning ...40:55
A group of UFOs infiltrated Earth’s atmosphere41:36
L&M (2005) shapes again ...42:10
Results42:23
MDS (n=10)42:54
MDS from ratings vs from RD values44:10
Transformations meet MDS - 144:59
Transformations meet MDS - 245:25
Transformations meet MDS - 345:31
Transformations meet MDS - 445:33
Transformations meet MDS - 545:39
Transformations meet MDS - 645:46
Transformations meet MDS - 746:00
Transformations meet MDS - 846:12
Transformations meet MDS - 946:14
Transformations meet MDS - 1046:30
Transformations meet MDS - 1146:34
Transformations meet MDS - 1246:42
Transformational neighbourhood47:04
Relations between models - 147:31
Relations between models - 247:56
Relations between models - 348:54
Transformations & Alignment49:35
Relations between models: Insights50:16
Collaborators!52:16