0.25
0.5
0.75
1.25
1.5
1.75
2
What makes things similar?
Published on 2011-10-174547 Views
The talk will provide an overview of psychological theories of similarity and key behavioural data. It will introduce spatial models (e.g., Shepard, 19887), featural models, in particular Tversky's (1
Presentation
What makes things similar?00:00
What makes things similar? cont´d07:06:18
Shepard‟s spatial model45:43:14
Shepard‟s (1987) Universal Law of Generalization58:45:34
Nosofsky‟s (1986) Generalized Context Model73:55:56
An Example: Effects of Category Diversity (Hahn et al., 2005) - 1102:37:08
An Example: Effects of Category Diversity (Hahn et al., 2005) - 2114:35:32
An Example: Effects of Category Diversity (Hahn et al., 2005) - 3121:45:12
Predicted Probabilities: Clustered152:17:48
Predicted Probabilities: Diverse159:40:06
An Alternative View of Similarity: Tversky‟s (1977) Contrast Model177:37:16
Tversky‟s Critique of Spatial Models190:13:18
Assumptions Spatial Models I: Minimality200:40:29
Spatial Assumptions II: Symmetry205:09:58
Violations of Symmetry?215:37:37
Examples237:43:25
Asymmetries Tversky (1977)250:53:25
Limitations of Spatial and Contrast Models269:06:00
Structural Alignment295:20:09
Water flow is like heat flow ...305:48:40
Mapping between descriptions313:56:07
Experimental evidence for structural alignment321:01:49
Transformational Approach to Similarity348:31:24
Similarity as Transformations - 1361:07:32
Similarity as Transformations - 2377:07:12
Hahn, Chater & Richardson (2003)385:54:24
Exp. 1401:33:15
Exp. 2428:22:35
Exp. 3435:54:13
Larkey & Markman (2005): A Test of Structural Models of Similarity - 1441:19:58
Larkey & Markman (2005): A Test of Structural Models of Similarity - 2466:59:04
A psychologically plausible set of transformations for this domain490:42:26
An example502:44:55
Hodgetts, Hahn & Chater, 2009518:57:58
Results527:28:02
Structural Alignment Models: Exp.1 - 1537:33:48
Structural Alignment Models: Exp.1 - 2539:31:46
Structural Alignment Exp. 2 - 1543:26:43
Structural Alignment Exp. 2 - 2543:53:37
Summary: Hodgetts, Hahn & Chater (2009)544:09:39
What about (more) real world categories?554:09:40
Transformations in object recognition and categorization557:49:08
Influence of transformation direction? - 1595:40:13
Influence of transformation direction? - 2616:45:59
Biological categories626:17:08
Man-made categories632:40:16
Materials - 1633:02:06
Materials - 2644:09:11
Materials - 3646:11:30
Materials - 4646:27:27
Materials - 5649:57:11
Materials - 6651:33:19
Materials - 7651:50:50
Hahn, Close & Graf, 2009656:30:24
Result cannot be explained by any other model of similarity669:26:19
Back to the beginning ...682:06:38
A group of UFOs infiltrated Earth’s atmosphere693:28:10
L&M (2005) shapes again ...702:59:09
Results706:39:04
MDS (n=10)715:14:20
MDS from ratings vs from RD values736:07:39
Transformations meet MDS - 1749:52:54
Transformations meet MDS - 2757:05:10
Transformations meet MDS - 3758:42:56
Transformations meet MDS - 4759:23:29
Transformations meet MDS - 5760:50:06
Transformations meet MDS - 6762:51:46
Transformations meet MDS - 7766:55:08
Transformations meet MDS - 8770:03:23
Transformations meet MDS - 9770:40:52
Transformations meet MDS - 10775:00:52
Transformations meet MDS - 11776:09:30
Transformations meet MDS - 12778:27:14
Transformational neighbourhood784:30:13
Relations between models - 1791:59:14
Relations between models - 2799:01:42
Relations between models - 3815:14:58
Transformations & Alignment826:34:54
Relations between models: Insights837:50:45
Collaborators!871:17:59